How does utilitarianism define a successful action?

Utilitarianism defines a successful action based on the amount of happiness or pleasure it produces. This ethical theory, most notably associated with philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, asserts that the moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall utility, which is often understood as the greatest good for the greatest number. In this framework, actions are evaluated primarily for their outcomes, particularly their ability to generate pleasure or minimize pain.

Utilitarianism posits that actions that increase happiness are morally preferable, while those that lead to suffering or dissatisfaction are considered less desirable. This focus on the results of actions underscores the significance of overall well-being in ethical decision-making, setting it apart from other theories that may prioritize legal standards, individual rights, or financial implications.