What is the fundamental difference between positive liberty and negative liberty?

The distinction between positive liberty and negative liberty primarily revolves around the concept of freedom in relation to government and external forces. Positive liberty is often defined as the freedom to achieve one's potential and make choices, which may involve some level of government intervention or support to help individuals reach their aspirations. This could include social programs, education, and resources that enable people to exercise their freedom fully.

On the other hand, negative liberty is concerned with the absence of interference from others, particularly from the government. This form of liberty emphasizes individual autonomy and the idea that people should be free to act without constraint, as long as they do not infringe upon the freedoms of others.

Thus, the fundamental difference lies in the role of government: positive liberty supports the idea that government intervention can enhance freedom through provision and support, whereas negative liberty advocates for minimal or no intervention to ensure individuals can act freely.