What principle is associated with the greatest good for the greatest number?

Utilitarianism is a moral theory that advocates for actions that maximize happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people. This principle emphasizes the outcomes of actions rather than the intentions behind them, focusing on achieving the greatest overall good. The essence of utilitarianism lies in its commitment to collective welfare, suggesting that the best action is the one that produces the most benefit for the majority, even if it might not serve the interests of everyone equally.

This principle has been notably discussed by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, who argued that ethical decisions should be based on the consequences of actions, making it a consequentialist theory. Thus, when considering moral dilemmas or social policies, utilitarianism encourages evaluating the overall impact on society, striving for the greatest happiness for the greatest number of individuals.