What social movements respond to the challenges posed by private power in society?

Populism and Progressivism specifically address the challenges posed by private power in society by advocating for the rights and needs of the general public against the influence of elite interests.

Populism focuses on championing the common person against the established elite, often calling for reforms that redistribute power and resources more equitably among the populace. It is characterized by a significant concern for economic inequality and the political influence of wealth, positioning itself as an advocate for those marginalized by the system.

Progressivism emerged as a response to the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Progressives sought to address the social issues that arose from private power's concentration and its negative impacts on ordinary citizens, pushing for reforms in areas such as labor rights, women's suffrage, antitrust legislation, and public health. Both movements play an integral role in advocating for policies that limit the excessive influence of corporations and wealthy individuals on government and society, striving for greater equity and justice.

This focus distinguishes them from the other movements listed, which do not directly confront private power or its influence in the same way.