Which amendment allows for the direct election of senators?

The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution establishes the direct election of senators. Prior to this amendment, senators were selected by state legislatures, which often led to corruption and a disconnect between the elected officials and the citizens. Ratified in 1913, the 17th Amendment was a significant reform aimed at enhancing democratic participation by allowing voters in each state to directly elect their senators. This change aimed to make the Senate more accountable to the public and reduce the influence of party politics in state appointments.

The other amendments listed address different issues: the 15th Amendment deals with voting rights regardless of race, the 16th Amendment allows Congress to levy an income tax, and the 18th Amendment established Prohibition. Each of these amendments focuses on distinct aspects of American governance and civil rights, thereby highlighting the unique purpose of the 17th Amendment in promoting direct democratic engagement in the legislative process.