Which solution did Madison propose to address the issues faced by states?

James Madison believed that in order to address the challenges faced by individual states, particularly those arising from weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation, a stronger national government was essential. He recognized that the existing framework caused issues like economic instability and inability to manage inter-state conflicts effectively. Madison argued for a government that could unify the states under a common set of laws and an efficient system of governance that could deal with issues such as taxation, defense, and trade. This approach ultimately led to his significant role in the drafting and promotion of the United States Constitution, which aimed to create a balanced and powerful federal system capable of addressing the collective needs of the states, while still respecting their individual rights and powers.

Madison's focus on strengthening national authority was also in response to historical experiences under the Articles, where states operated almost independently, leading to fragmentation and inefficiencies. Thus, the solution of a stronger national government was seen as necessary to foster unity and stability across the nation.